How We Measure

The denominator behind every number we hand you

Questions, places asked, repeats and the cell count they produce — plus the minimum read rates a round must clear. Every value on this page is read from the product contract itself.

As of

How many questions one audit puts into the market

An audit builds a question list, then puts those questions to several places, several times over. Engines answer the same question differently from day to day, so asking once tells you only about that day.

Panorama puts 50 questions 7 times each, and reads every one of the 20 places listed below.

Where AI answers · 10

  • ChatGPT
  • Perplexity
  • Claude
  • Gemini
  • Grok
  • Google AI Overviews
  • Google AI Mode
  • Bing Copilot
  • DuckDuckGo Search Assist
  • Meta AI model answers

Where search answers · 4

  • Google Search
  • Bing Search
  • Yahoo Search
  • DuckDuckGo Search

News and video · 4

  • Google News
  • Bing News
  • YouTube
  • Google Short Videos

Where social answers · 1

  • X search

Where shopping answers · 1

  • Google Shopping
AuditQuestionsPlaces asked RepeatsCellsCompetitors measured alongside
Radar 5 21 7 735 0
Compass 20 21 7 2,940 3
Panorama 50 21 7 7,350 10

One question becomes 21 places × 7 repeats = 147 cells. Each square below is one cell.

A cell we could not read stays in the denominator

Drop the unreadable cells and the rate improves on its own. Every cell we attempted stays in the denominator, and we count the ones we read apart from the ones we did not.

Every place we ask, named

Buyers in different countries use different places, so the rosters differ. Below are all 21 places we ask in this market.

TypePlace asked
AI answersOpenAI web search
AI answersPerplexity
AI answersAnthropic web search
AI answersxAI web search
AI answersGemini
AI answersGoogle AI Mode
SearchGoogle Search
SearchYahoo Search
NewsGoogle News
NewsBing News
VideoYouTube search
VideoGoogle short videos
SearchBing Search
AI answersBing Copilot
AI answersDuckDuckGo Search Assist
AI answersMeta AI model web search
ShoppingGoogle Shopping
SocialX search
SearchGoogle Images
SearchGoogle Trends autocomplete
VideoGoogle Videos

21 places asked, 20 screens a name can appear on

Ask Google Search once and two screens come back: the results page and the AI summary above it. That is why a name can appear on 20 screens while the axis we multiply by is the 21 places we ask. Put both in the same multiplication and the cell count comes out wrong.

Every screen a name can appear on

We ask in 21 places, but answers surface on 20 screens. Here are all 20.

KindScreenAsked where
AI answersChatGPTOpenAI web search
AI answersPerplexityPerplexity
AI answersClaudeAnthropic web search
AI answersGrokxAI web search
AI answersGeminiGemini
AI answersGoogle AI ModeGoogle AI Mode
AI answersGoogle AI OverviewsGoogle Search · comes together
SearchGoogle SearchGoogle Search
SearchYahoo SearchYahoo Search
NewsGoogle NewsGoogle News
NewsBing NewsBing News
VideoYouTubeYouTube search
VideoGoogle Short VideosGoogle short videos
AI answersBing CopilotBing Copilot
AI answersDuckDuckGo Search AssistDuckDuckGo Search Assist
SearchBing SearchBing Search
SearchDuckDuckGo SearchDuckDuckGo Search Assist · comes together
AI answersMeta AI model answersMeta AI model web search
ShoppingGoogle ShoppingGoogle Shopping
SocialX searchX search

We also count what arrives alongside

Videos, maps, shopping and people-also-ask arrive on the same screen as the links, and in this market those add up to 69 spots. We read them from the answer we already paid for, without asking again.

Asked whereSpotsWhat comes with it
OpenAI web search2AI answer text · AI answer sources
Perplexity2AI answer text · AI answer sources
Anthropic web search2AI answer text · AI answer sources
xAI web search2AI answer text · AI answer sources
Gemini2AI answer text · AI answer sources
Google AI Mode3AI answer text · AI answer sources · Quick results
Google Search13Organic results · AI Overview · People also ask · Inline videos · AI Overview (expanded) · Answer box · Map · Local pack · Discussions and forums · Ads · Knowledge panel · DMCA notice · Perspectives
Yahoo Search8Organic results · Trending searches · Related searches · Inline videos · People also ask · Ads · Top stories · Shopping
Google News1News
Bing News1Organic results
YouTube search6Videos · Shorts · Ads · Channels · Playlists · Related searches
Google short videos1Short videos
Bing Search6Organic results · Answer box · Inline videos · Ads · Top stories · People also ask
Bing Copilot2AI answer sources · AI answer text
DuckDuckGo Search Assist6Organic results · Search assist · Ads · Related searches · Inline videos · News
Meta AI model web search2AI answer text · AI answer sources
Google Shopping2Shopping · Result link
X search2Posts · In-post links and hashtags
Google Images2Images · Result link
Google Trends autocomplete2Search suggestions · Result link
Google Videos2Videos · Result link
Where we ask → Surfaces we countA map from the places we ask to the surfaces we count. Only these rows split in two: Google Search and DuckDuckGo Search Assist.Where we ask 21Surfaces we count 20AI answersOpenAI web searchAI answersPerplexityAI answersAnthropic web searchAI answersxAI web searchAI answersGeminiAI answersGoogle AI ModeSearchGoogle SearchSearchYahoo SearchNewsGoogle NewsNewsBing NewsVideoYouTube searchVideoGoogle short videosSearchBing SearchAI answersBing CopilotAI answersDuckDuckGo Search AssistAI answersMeta AI model web searchShoppingGoogle ShoppingSocialX searchSearchGoogle ImagesSearchGoogle Trends autocompleteVideoGoogle VideosOpenAI web searchPerplexityAnthropic web searchxAI web searchGeminiGoogle AI ModeGoogle organicGoogle AI OverviewYahoo SearchGoogle NewsBing NewsYouTube searchGoogle short videosBing SearchBing CopilotDuckDuckGo Search AssistDuckDuckGo organicMeta AI model web searchGoogle ShoppingX searchA single capture from Google Search and DuckDuckGo Search Assist splits into two surfaces. That is why we count -1 more surfaces than the places we ask.
Where we ask, set beside the surfaces we count. One place can be asked once and still be counted in two, so the two totals differ.

The same question, asked 7 times

One ask gives you the value of that one ask. 7 of them show how far the answer moves.

Every rate carries a confidence interval: the band it could actually sit in. We use the 95% interval.

Why 7, and what changes when you ask far more often, is on the methodology page. Methodology: why it is measured this way

What counts as a completed round

These three decide whether a round can close. Miss any one of them and we do not deliver that round.

CheckMust clear
Share of attempted cells we actually read95%
Share read on each of the 20 screens separately90%
Share of read cells judged as citation, mention or neither95%

Two different zeros, kept apart

A cell we could not read is our shortfall. A surface that carried no answer is an observation. Merge them and our failure starts passing for a fact about the market.

A citation is the AI linking to you as a source. A mention is your name in the text with no link. That split, and the rest of the words a judgement turns on, is fixed in the glossary. Glossary: the words a judgement turns on

The same checks go over our own pages

When we find something that makes pages easier for search and AI answers to pick up, it goes on our own site first and gets one line in a ledger. That ledger holds 699 entries today: 174 apply to every single page, 459 to the site as a whole, and the remaining 66 to page types.

Every deployment re-checks that all 699 are still in place. Improvements live on the page, not in the codebase, so building a new page quietly rolls them back.

Each market site carries its structure in a separate registry, compared page by page: 118 in Korea, 108 in the United States, 113 in Japan, 339 in all.

Running exactly this over your pages is the first step of the improvement work.

What is published and what is not

How many checks there are and where they run is on this page. What each one changes is not. The method is public. The thresholds and judging rules that run it stay inside our tooling.

Run this grid and you get your position in it. We set the question list with you, measure exactly as written above, and hand back the result.

Ask about an audit

Read next: Methodology: why it is measured this way · Audit tiers and pricing · Glossary: the words a judgement turns on · Public claims registry

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